Sikker adgang til og arbejde i store tanke og
sikker adgang til og arbejde i bulk carriers store lastrum
Sikker adgang til og arbejde i store tanke og sikker adgang til og arbejde
i bulk carriers store lastrum
Vedrørende IMCO Resolution A. 272 (VIII)
Direktoratet skal herved meddele, at den mellemstatslige rådgivende
søfartsorganisation (IMCO) har vedtaget en resolution om rekommandation om
sikker adgang til og arbejde i store tanke og rekommandation om sikker adgang
til og arbejde i bulk carriers store lastrum.
Direktoratet skal henstille, at rederierne i videst mulige omfang følger
de omhandlede rekommandationer, der findes som ANNEX I og II til
resolutionen.
Ovennævnte IMCO Resolution A 272 (VIII) forhandles af IMCO Secretariat,
Publication Section, 101-104 Picadilly, London WIV OAE, under sales No.
74.04.E.
Resolutionens ordlyd er følgende:
Recommendation on safe access to and working in large tanks, and
recommendation on safe access to and working in large cargo holds of bulk
carriers
The assembly,
NOTING Article 16(i) of the Convention on the Inter-Govenmental Maritime
Consultative Organization concerning the functions of the Assembly,
RECOGNIZING that with the increasing size of tankers and bulk carriers and
the associated increase in the dimensions of tanks and cargo holds of such
vessels, there is a need for improving safe access to and working in those
spaces,
HAVING CONSIDERED the Recommendation by the Maritime Safety Committee at
its twenty-sixth session,
ADOPTS the Recommendation on Safe Access to and Working in Large Tanks and
the Recommendation on Safe Access to and Working in Large Cargo Holds of Bulk
Carriers, the texts of which are set out in the Annexes to this Resolution,
AGREES that in respect of Ore/Bulk/Oil Carriers or Ore/Oil Carriers, the
more stringent requirements of the two Recommendations should apply,
according to the nature of the carriage and the characteristics of the space
in question,
INVITES all govements concerned to take steps to give effect to the
Recommendations as soon as possible.
Annex I
Recommendation on safe access to and working in large tanks
Safe access to cargo tanks can only be provided on the assumption that an
adequate standard of tank cleaning and ventilation is achieved prior to
entry.
Sludge accumulation on platforms and ladders should be kept to a minimum
consistent with operational practice. Where appropriate, consideration should
be given to preventing the build-up of sludge on access platforms and
horizontal structures in general by suitable design of tank structure and
positioning of washing machines. Sludge accumulation on the tank bottom
should be controlled by an efficient tank draining system. No personnel
should enter any cargo tank without a suitable breathing apparatus before the
air in the tank has been tested by a responsible officer using an approved
gas measuring device and found to be free of gas, containing sufficient
oxygen and safe for inspection or work.
An adequate supply of fresh air is to be available for all men working
within a tank having due regard to the nature and location of the work.
ACCESS TO TANKS
1. (a) Tanks, and subdivisions of tanks, having
lengths of 35 metres and above should be fitted with at least two access
hatchways and ladders, as far apart as praticable longitudinally.
- (b) Tanks less than 35 metres in length should be served by at least one
access hatchway and ladder.
- (c) The dimensions of any access hatchway should be sufficient to allow a
person wearing a self-contained breathing apparatus to ascend or descend the
ladder without obstruction and also to provide a clear opening to facilitate
the hoisting of an injured person from the bottom of the tank. In no case
should the clear opening be less than 600 mm x 600 mm.
- (d) When a tank is subdivided by one or more wash bulkheads at least two
hatchways should be fitted, and these hatchways should be so located that the
associated ladders effectively serve all subdivisions of the tank.
ACCESS WITHIN TANKS
2. (a) Where one or more wash bulkheads are fitted in
a tank they should be provided with openings not less than 600 mm x 800 mm
and so arranged as to facilitate the access of persons wearing breathing
apparatus or carrying a stretcher with a patient.
- (b) To provide ease of movement on the tank bottom throughout the length
and breadth of the tank, a passageway should be fitted on the upper part of
the bottom structure of each tank, or alternatively, manholes having at least
the dimensions of 600 mm x 800 mm should be arranged in the floors at a
height of not more than 600 mm from the bottom shell plating. Passageways in
the tanks should have a minimum width of 600 mm considering the requirement
for the possibility of carrying an unconscious person. Elevated passageways
should be provided with guard rails over their entire length. Where guard
rails are provided on one side only, footrails should be fitted on the
opposite side. Shelves and platforms forming a part of the access to the
tanks should be of non-skid construction where practicable and be fitted with
guard rails. Guard rails should be fitted to bulkhead and side stringers when
such structures are being used for recognized access.
- (c) Access to elevated passageways from the ships bottom should be
provided by means of easily accessible passageways, ladders or treads. Treads
shall provide lateral support for the foot. Where rungs of ladders are fitted
against a vertical surface, the distance from the centre of the rungs to that
surface shall be at least 150 mm.
- (d) Where manholes are fitted access should be facilitated by means of
steps and handgrips with platform landings on each side.
- (e) When the height of the bottom structure does not exceed 1.50 metres,
the passageways required under paragraph 2(b) may be replaced by alternative
arrangements having regard to the bottom structure and the requirement for
ease of access of a person wearing a self-contained breathing apparatus or
carrying a stretcher with a patient.
- (f) Guard rails should be 900 mm in height and consist of a rail and
intermediate bar. These guard rails should be of substantial construction.
CONSTRUCTION OF LADDERS
3 (a) In general, the ladders should not be inclined at an angle exceeding
70 degrees. The flights of ladders should not be more than 9 metres in actual
length. Resting platforms of adequate dimensions should be provided.
- (b) Ladders and handrails should be constructed of steel of adequate
strength and stiffness and securely attached to the tank structure by stays.
The method of support and length of stay should be such that vibration is
reduced to a practical minimum.
- (c) Provision should be made for maintaining the structural strength of
the ladders and railings taking into account the corrosive effect of the
cargo.
- (d) The width of ladders between stringers should not be less than 400
mm.
- (e) The treads should be equally spaced at a distance apart measured
vertically not exceeding 300 mm. They should be formed of two square steel
bars of not less than 22 mm by 22 mm in section fitted to form a horizontal
step with the edges pointing upward, or of equivalent construction. The
treads should be carried througt the side stringers and attached thereto by
double continuous welding.
- (f) All sloping ladders should be provided with handrails of substantial
construction on both sides fitted at a convenient distance above the treads.
RESCUE AND EVACUATION ARRANGEMENTS
4. (a) For fast evacuation of injured personnel aut of
a tank, the following equipment should be provided:
- (i) a portable davit with facility for manual operation of ligthweight
construction, suitable for securely positioning over tank access;
- (ii) a cage or suitable stretcher fitted with guidelines at the lower
end.
- (b) All access openings to the tank should be opened up and the stretcher
and hoist should be positioned so as to be readily available before the tank
is entered.
Annex II
Recommendation on safe, access to and working in large cargo holds of bulk
carriers
Safe access to cargo holds can only be provied on the assumption that
adequate ventilation of the holds is provided for the protection of personnel
prior to their entry. Consideration should be given to preventing the
accumulation of hazardous or noxious vapours in the holds by appropriate
ventilation. No personnel should enter a hold that has been battened down for
a long time or poorly ventilated before the oxygen content of the air in the
hold has been observed by a responsible officer using an oxygen meter or
equivalent device and found to be safe for inspection or work.
An adequate supply of fresh air is to be available for all men working
within the cargo hold having due regard to the nature and location of the
work.
ACCESS TO CARGO HOLDS
1. (a) If separate hatches are used as access to the
ladders required by paragraph 2, each hatch should have a clear opening of at
least 600 mm x 600 mm.
- (b) When the access to the cargo hold is arranged through the cargo
hatch, the top of the ladder should be placed as close as possible to the
hatch coaming.
- (c) Accesses and ladders should be so arranged that personnel equipped
with self-contained breathing apparatus may readily enter and leave the cargo
hold.
- (d) Access hatch coamings having a height greater than 900 mm should also
have steps on the outside in conjunction with cargo hold ladders.
ACCESS WITHIN CARGO HOLDS
2. (a) Each cargo hold should be provided with at
least two ladders as far apart as practicable longitudinally. If possible
these ladders should be arranged diagonally, e.g. one ladder near the forward
bulkhead on the port side, the other one near the aft bulkhead on the
starboard side, from the ships centreline.
- (b) Ladders should be so designed and arranged that the risk of damage
from the cargo handling gear is minimized.
- (c) Vertical ladders may be permitted provided they are arranged above
each other in line with other ladders to which they form access and resting
positions are provided at not more than 9 metres apart.
- (d) Tunnels passing through cargo holds should be equipped with ladders
or steps at each end of the hold so that personnel may easily get across such
tunnels.
- (e) Where it may be necessary for work to be carried out within a cargo
hold preparatory to loading, consideration should be given to suitable
arrangements for the safe handling of portable staging or movable platforms.
CONSTRUCTION OF LADDERS
3. In general, the design and construction of fixed
ladders should be in conformity with the requirements described in Proposed
Recommendation on Safe Access to and Working in Large Tanks. However,
arrangements and strength of ladders should be suitable for the types of
cargo likely to be carried. In particular, having regard to the construction
of the hold, and the nature of the cargoes carried, vertical ladders may be
acceptable in bulk and combined carriers.
RESCUE AND EVACUATION ARRANGEMENTS
4. Equipment as specified in paragraph 4 of Proposed
Recommendation on Safe Access to and Working in Large Tanks should be
provided for the evacuation of injured personnel from cargo holds.